{"id":4772,"date":"2021-12-26T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-26T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/?p=4772"},"modified":"2023-07-23T18:40:44","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T11:40:44","slug":"tinh-kha-dung-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tinh-kha-dung-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Khi n\u00e0o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p n\u00f3? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9? C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng (<em>key usability concepts<\/em>) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_60 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-6577d5f3c581c\" ><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input aria-label=\"Toggle\" aria-label=\"item-6577d5f3c581c\"  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6577d5f3c581c\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tinh-kha-dung-la-gi\/#Cai_gi_%E2%80%93_Dinh_nghia_ve_Tinh_kha_dung\" title=\"C\u00e1i g\u00ec &#8211; \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng\">C\u00e1i g\u00ec &#8211; \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tinh-kha-dung-la-gi\/#Tai_sao_tinh_kha_dung_lai_quan_trong\" title=\"T\u1ea1i sao t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng\">T\u1ea1i sao t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tinh-kha-dung-la-gi\/#Lam_the_nao_de_nang_cao_tinh_kha_dung\" title=\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tinh-kha-dung-la-gi\/#Khi_nao_tien_hanh_thu_nghiem_tinh_kha_dung\" title=\"Khi n\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng\">Khi n\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tinh-kha-dung-la-gi\/#Noi_thuc_hien_thu_nghiem\" title=\"N\u01a1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m\">N\u01a1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cai-gi-d\u1ecbnh-nghia-v\u1ec1-tinh-kh\u1ea3-d\u1ee5ng\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cai_gi_%E2%80%93_Dinh_nghia_ve_Tinh_kha_dung\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">C\u00e1i g\u00ec<\/span> &#8211; \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 <strong>thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>quality attribute<\/em>) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (<em>how easy user interfaces<\/em>). T\u1eeb &#8220;t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng&#8221; c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh-d\u1ec5-d\u00f9ng trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 <strong>5 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc<\/strong>: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (<em>accomplish basic tasks<\/em>) v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c (<em>encounter<\/em>) v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>: Khi m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 (<em>perform tasks<\/em>)?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb<\/strong>: Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf sau m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (<em>period of not using it<\/em>), m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (<em>reestablish proficiency<\/em>)?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i<\/strong>: C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o ra, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (<em>severe<\/em>) th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa (<em>recover<\/em>) c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n<\/strong>: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu (<em>pleasant<\/em>) khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 l\u00e0 <strong>t\u00ednh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch<\/strong>, c\u00e1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (<em>design&#8217;s functionality<\/em>): \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edch: Ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y d\u00f9 d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, khi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 v\u00ec giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 khi n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 <strong>t\u00ednh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch<\/strong> = Cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng <strong>ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 <strong>t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> = M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 <strong>d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng &amp; tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i<\/strong> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y trong khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 <strong>t\u00ednh h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>&nbsp;(Useful)= <strong>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng <\/strong>(Usability)<strong> + t\u00ednh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch <\/strong>(Utility)<strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"t\u1ea1i-sao-tinh-kh\u1ea3-d\u1ee5ng-l\u1ea1i-quan-tr\u1ecdng\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_sao_tinh_kha_dung_lai_quan_trong\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">T\u1ea1i sao<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean web, t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (<em>survival<\/em>). N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trang web kh\u00f3 d\u00f9ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd <strong>r\u1eddi \u0111i<\/strong>. N\u1ebfu trang ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (<em>fails to clearly state<\/em>) c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \/ d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 g\u00ec v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec tr\u00ean trang, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi <strong>r\u1eddi \u0111i<\/strong>. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (<em>get lost<\/em>) tr\u00ean trang web, h\u1ecd <strong>r\u1eddi \u0111i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i (<em>there&#8217;s no such thing as<\/em>) khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (<em>manual<\/em>)&nbsp;website ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u (<em>figure out<\/em>) v\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng t\u00e1 c\u00e1c trang web kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p; b\u1ecf \u0111i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng (<em>defense<\/em>) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 <strong>t\u00ecm<\/strong> th\u1ea5y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 <strong>mua<\/strong> n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi <strong>m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 <\/strong>(<em>intranets<\/em>)<strong>,&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (<em>employee productivity<\/em>). Th\u1eddi gian ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc (<em>pondering<\/em>) c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecd \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ee9c chi ti\u00eau <strong>10% c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong> cho t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng. T\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a trang web (mang l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 2,6) v\u00e0 h\u01a1i \u00edt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n &#8211; nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (<em>substantial<\/em>) &#8211; khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, t\u0103ng t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (<em>cutting training budgets<\/em>) c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c thi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 KPI (<em>key performance indicator<\/em>) n\u00e0o th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lam-th\u1ebf-nao-d\u1ec3-nang-cao-tinh-kh\u1ea3-d\u1ee5ng\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_the_nao_de_nang_cao_tinh_kha_dung\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <strong>th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/strong>, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>L\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng <strong>ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/strong> (<em>representative users<\/em>), nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c trang th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea1n).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c thi <strong>c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/strong> (<em>representative task<\/em>) v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Quan s\u00e1t<\/strong> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o trong giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho h\u1ecd. Im mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i ra!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra sai l\u1ec7ch (<em>contaminated<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng, ki\u1ec3m tra 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng (<em>usability flaws<\/em>) ngay khi b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (<em>iterative design<\/em>) l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng giao di\u1ec7n b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp trung, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 nghe nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m: b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i xem nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"khi-nao-ti\u1ebfn-hanh-th\u1eed-nghi\u1ec7m-tinh-kh\u1ea3-d\u1ee5ng\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi_nao_tien_hanh_thu_nghiem_tinh_kha_dung\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">Khi n\u00e0o<\/span> ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 (<em>plays a role<\/em>) trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nhanh v\u00e0 r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edbi, <strong>ki\u1ec3m tra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u0169<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh (<em>keep or emphasize<\/em>), v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n k\u00e9m khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, ki\u1ec3m tra giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 (<em>test your competitors&#8217; designs<\/em>) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf trong giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (<em>similar features<\/em>). (N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng (<em>field study<\/em>) \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (<em>their natutal habitat<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y (<em>paper prototypes<\/em>) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00fang. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng \u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh (<em>refine<\/em>) \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 trung th\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p sang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 trung th\u1ef1c cao ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c <strong>h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n (<em>published research<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n <strong>thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/strong>, ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng vi t\u1ebf (<em>subtle<\/em>) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed9 ra (<em>creep<\/em>) trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1eebng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i (<em>defer<\/em>) vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh (<em>fully implemented design<\/em>). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng (<em>vast majority of the critical usability problems<\/em>) m\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u01b0a th\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn (<em>test uncovers<\/em>). Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft l\u1edbn (<em>major rearchitecting<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch cho tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1edbm trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"n\u01a1i-th\u1ef1c-hi\u1ec7n-th\u1eed-nghi\u1ec7m\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_thuc_hien_thu_nghiem\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">N\u01a1i<\/span> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (<em>worth<\/em>) m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang (<em>dedicated usability laboratory<\/em>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng ty, d\u00f9 sao, c\u0169ng \u1ed5n khi h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ecdng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng &#8211; b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay ghi ch\u00fa l\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng (<em>equipment<\/em>) duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/usability-101-introduction-to-usability\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Usability 101: Introduction to Usability by JAKOB NIELSEN<\/a> on January 4, 2012\u00a0\u2013 Nielsen Norman Group)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Khi n\u00e0o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p n\u00f3? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9? C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng (key usability concepts) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u01a1 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5930,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? &#8226; Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tinh-kha-dung-la-gi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? &#8226; Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Khi n\u00e0o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p n\u00f3? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9? 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Khi n\u00e0o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p n\u00f3? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9? 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