{"id":3511,"date":"2016-09-16T10:16:44","date_gmt":"2016-09-16T10:16:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/?p=3511"},"modified":"2022-02-27T21:02:30","modified_gmt":"2022-02-27T14:02:30","slug":"dau-sung-kieu-texas-mot-bai-toan-thu-vi-trong-ly-thuyet-tro-choi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/dau-sung-kieu-texas-mot-bai-toan-thu-vi-trong-ly-thuyet-tro-choi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea5u s\u00fang ki\u1ec3u Texas – m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i hay c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u00ec kh\u00e1 l\u1eb1ng nh\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh t\u00ednh, to\u00e1n to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 m\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea5u s\u00fang ki\u1ec3u Texas<\/strong> l\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh m\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t th\u00edch m\u00e0 hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nalebuff v\u00e0 Brandenburger n\u00eau ra trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00ecnh s\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i theo \u00fd hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay m\u1ed9t li\u00ean doanh. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0: h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, gi\u1edd l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, khi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 dung ho\u00e0: m\u1ed9t b\u00ean b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho b\u00ean kia, v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u00ean A ra gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n cho b\u00ean B c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u00ean B mua, th\u00ec OK xong. N\u1ebfu b\u00ean B ch\u00ea gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eaft th\u00ec b\u00ean A s\u1ebd mua l\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean B v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ea5u s\u00fang ki\u1ec3u Texas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t tr\u00fang. Ra gi\u00e1, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n, hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean doanh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ra gi\u00e1 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t? T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean b\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111i k\u00e8m gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, mi\u1ec5n sao l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au l\u00f2ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n li\u00ean doanh cho b\u00ean kia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i khuy\u00ean, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 li\u00ean doanh ch\u1ec9 theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 b\u00ean kia h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0i con s\u1ed1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean A \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 li\u00ean doanh l\u00e0 700 tri\u1ec7u, b\u00ean B \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 li\u00ean doanh l\u00e0 1 t\u1ec9, v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nhau (m\u1ed7i b\u00ean 50%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

———<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u00ean A ra gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, b\u00ean A s\u1ebd ra gi\u00e1 350 tri\u1ec7u (l\u00e0 50% c\u1ee7a 700 tri\u1ec7u), v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u00ean B s\u1ebd mua l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec b\u00ean B \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 50% \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a A c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 500 tri\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u00ean A bi\u1ebft b\u00ean B \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 li\u00ean doanh l\u00e0 1 t\u1ec9, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4n ngoan ch\u00fat n\u00e0o v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 350 tri\u1ec7u. Khi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u00ean A n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a gi\u00e1 490 tri\u1ec7u, \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 500 tri\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ean B c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1eddi, v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1edbm giao d\u1ecbch. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 b\u00ean B s\u1ebd mua v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 490. Hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

———<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 b\u00ean B ra gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec sao, c\u0169ng v\u1eady b\u00ean B s\u1ebd thi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ra gi\u00e1 500 tri\u1ec7u, b\u00ean A ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 b\u00e1n lu\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat m\u00e0 b\u00ean B v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u00ean B bi\u1ebft b\u00ean A \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a A ch\u1ec9 350 tri\u1ec7u, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan n\u1ebfu B ra gi\u00e1 360 tri\u1ec7u hay h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u1eefa. B\u00ean B v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1eddi h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 trong \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

———<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu A v\u00e0 B \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f9 t\u1ecbt v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft b\u00ean kia \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 li\u00ean doanh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ean kia ra gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n