{"id":25622,"date":"2023-12-07T10:02:11","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:02:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/?p=25622"},"modified":"2023-12-08T13:32:51","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T06:32:51","slug":"cach-doc-mot-bai-nghien-cuu-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cach-doc-mot-bai-nghien-cuu-3\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u [3]"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Trung t\u00e2m Vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc San Jos\u00e9 State<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/writingcenter\">www.sjsu.edu\/writingcenter<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Rowan Dunton<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-large-font-size\"><strong>C\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ecdc M\u1ed9t B\u00e0i Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt (academic research paper) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n. May m\u1eafn thay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1edf n\u00ean <em>hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>\u00edt g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu<\/em>. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n qua c\u00e1c m\u1eb9o cho t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc xong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C\u00e1c Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1c Nhau<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecdc, trong khi \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc. M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Khi B\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u00e3y d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng v\u00e0 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec trong b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, tham gia th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n, ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y v\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Trong Khi \u0110\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1eebng lo l\u1eafng trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i b\u00e1o l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u00fang l\u00e0: t\u00f3m t\u1eaft (abstract), m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \/ gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u (introduction), v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn (conclusion).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n <strong>t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong> l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3) s\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. B\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u1ea1m vi, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: <em>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft hay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh hay k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan hay c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n <strong>gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: <em>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef hay t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a n\u00e0o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n tra c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n <strong>k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong> t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn xem c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: <em>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c \u2013 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n tra c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc xong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat (take a step back from the paper) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n quay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho n\u00e3o b\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecdc. Khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y quay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o: ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (literature review), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn (methodology), k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (results) v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn (discussion), nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n <strong>\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong> n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. N\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u00e3y suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: <em>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y? B\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1ed5 sung \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1? Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n <strong>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn<\/strong> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp cho b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. Trong khi \u0111\u1ecdc qua m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn, h\u00e3y suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: <em>H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o (\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh hay \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)? C\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng trong th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd thu th\u1eadp? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n <strong>k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/strong> li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: <em>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a? B\u1ea1n r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn g\u00ec t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3? Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n <strong>th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f4i khi, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m lu\u00f4n trong ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: <em>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3? C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n ghi ch\u00fa l\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ghi ch\u00fa \u1edf l\u1ec1, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y ghi vi\u1ec7c (post-its) ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y d\u00ednh (sticky), v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n, khoanh tr\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cc\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa; b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh ghi ch\u00fa qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ghi ch\u00fa m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb quan tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n xem l\u1ea1i sau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. H\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00fa cho nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd ho\u1eb7c quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u, khoanh tr\u00f2n, ho\u1eb7c ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00fa s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00fa m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i assignment tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u1edbi v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sau Khi \u0110\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y tra c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh. L\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u00edt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung, h\u00e3y th\u1eed vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Xem li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u00e0i b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft ra g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n sai l\u1ec7ch, kh\u00f4ng sao c\u1ea3, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa th\u00edch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2u n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i? C\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: Luy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ecdc M\u1ed9t B\u00e0i Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Truy c\u1eadp Google Scholar ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. T\u00ecm m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, <em>xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea5u \u0111en<\/em> cho ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c <em>in 3D<\/em> cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 kh\u00ed). C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t (peer reviewed journals), m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eb9o v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n <strong>t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n <strong>gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong>, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: <em>Li\u1ec7u t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n tra c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n <strong>th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong>, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: <em>Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c bao g\u1ed3m trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n <strong>ghi ch\u00fa<\/strong>, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00fa nh\u1eefng <em>g\u00ec<\/em> v\u00e0 l\u00fd do <em>t\u1ea1i sao<\/em>. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00fa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean highlight c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn hay d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cReading Research Effectively.\u201d USC Libraries Research Guides, 11 Jan. 2022, https:\/\/libguides.usc.edu\/writingguide\/readingresearch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cStrategies for Reading Academic Articles.\u201d George Mason University Writing Center, n.d.,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; https:\/\/writingcenter.gmu.edu\/guides\/strategies-for-reading-academic-articles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cLibrary Research Methods: Read &amp; Evaluate.\u201d LibGuides at Conrad N. Hilton Library, 24 May 2021, https:\/\/library.culinary.edu\/research\/read<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Rugaber, Spencer. \u201cHow to Read a Research Paper.\u201d Georgia Institute of Technology, 30 August 2006, https:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/fac\/Spencer.Rugaber\/txt\/researchPaper.html<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Hudson-Barr, Diane. \u201cHow to Read a Research Article.\u201d Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, vol. 9, no. 2, summer 2004, pp. 70-72. Wiley Online, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1088-145X.2004.00070.x<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cHow to Read a Scholarly Article: Key Reading Strategies.\u201d LibGuides at UC Merced Library, 20 May 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.ucmerced.edu\/reading_scholarly_articles\/reading_strategies\">https:\/\/libguides.ucmerced.edu\/reading_scholarly_articles\/reading_strategies<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n PDF \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef: <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cach-doc-bai-nghien-cuu-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cach-doc-bai-nghien-cuu-3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/writingcenter\/docs\/handouts\/How%20to%20Read%20a%20Research%20Paper.pdf\"><strong>https:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/writingcenter\/docs\/handouts\/HowtReadaResearcPaper.pdf<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trung t\u00e2m Vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc San Jos\u00e9 State www.sjsu.edu\/writingcenter \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Rowan Dunton C\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ecdc M\u1ed9t B\u00e0i Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7c ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt (academic research paper) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[453],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u [3] &#8226; Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cach-doc-mot-bai-nghien-cuu-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u [3] &#8226; Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Trung t\u00e2m Vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc San Jos\u00e9 State www.sjsu.edu\/writingcenter \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Rowan Dunton C\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ecdc M\u1ed9t B\u00e0i Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7c ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt (academic research paper) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. 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