{"id":25606,"date":"2023-12-06T22:52:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T15:52:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/?p=25606"},"modified":"2023-12-08T13:31:19","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T06:31:19","slug":"cach-doc-mot-bai-nghien-cuu-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cach-doc-mot-bai-nghien-cuu-1\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u [1]"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
V\u1ec1 sau trong h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft<\/em> m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc<\/em> m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (research paper). Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i giao cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd) l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n (\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \/ review) n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c (c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n. Sau n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt (skim)<\/em> m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u b\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00ec.[1] B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n. H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u00e0nh ra v\u00e0i gi\u1edd<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [1] Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n… nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n (critical) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh (assumption) m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd (reasonable) kh\u00f4ng? Logic c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3, hay c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn?<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd thu th\u1eadp n\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng? H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ch\u01b0a? C\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay trong b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a th\u00eam kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfp theo b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ghi ch\u00fa l\u00ean l\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n sao c\u00e1c b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phong c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n th\u00edch. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh g\u00ec, h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean. G\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u00edch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn khi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. (\u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e2u m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi; \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra. M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o (l\u00ean d\u00e0n \u00fd) b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u00e0i b\u00e1o trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai c\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n d\u00e0n \u00fd (outline) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c (other works in the area). Li\u1ec7u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, hay ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y? (T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y!) <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi; s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng; s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khung s\u01b0\u1eddn m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ng\u1eafn, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t trang cho m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. (Nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, t\u00f4i k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc xong b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u!) Gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea7u khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t trang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n File PDF \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/strong>: kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cach-doc-bai-nghien-cuu-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n –<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
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