{"id":20237,"date":"2015-02-28T08:09:00","date_gmt":"2015-02-28T08:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/2015\/02\/28\/cu-phap-cua-sql\/"},"modified":"2015-02-28T08:09:00","modified_gmt":"2015-02-28T08:09:00","slug":"cu-phap-cua-sql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cu-phap-cua-sql\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a SQL"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>B\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng). B\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi (h\u00e0ng) v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 SQL, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Northwind (c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong MS Access v\u00e0 MS SQL Server).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng Customer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><th>CustomerID<\/th><th>CustomerName<\/th><th>ContactName<\/th><th>Address<\/th><th>City<\/th><th>PostalCode<\/th><th>Country<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>Alfreds Futterkiste<\/td><td>Maria Anders<\/td><td>Obere Str. 57<\/td><td>Berlin<\/td><td>12209<\/td><td>Germany<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados<\/td><td>Ana Trujillo<\/td><td>Avda. de la Constituci\u00f3n 2222<\/td><td>M\u00e9xico D.F.<\/td><td>05021<\/td><td>Mexico<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>Antonio Moreno Taquer\u00eda<\/td><td>Antonio Moreno<\/td><td>Mataderos 2312<\/td><td>M\u00e9xico D.F.<\/td><td>05023<\/td><td>Mexico<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>Around the Horn<\/td><td>Thomas Hardy<\/td><td>120 Hanover Sq.<\/td><td>London<\/td><td>WA1 1DP<\/td><td>UK<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>Berglunds snabbk\u00f6p<\/td><td>Christina Berglund<\/td><td>Berguvsv\u00e4gen 8<\/td><td>Lule\u00e5<\/td><td>S-958 22<\/td><td>Sweden<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m 5 b\u1ea3n ghi (m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng) v\u00e0 7 c\u1ed9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (<code>CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City, PostalCode, v\u00e0 Country<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_60 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-6577d697af56e\" ><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input aria-label=\"Toggle\" aria-label=\"item-6577d697af56e\"  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6577d697af56e\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cu-phap-cua-sql\/#Cau_lenh_SQL\" title=\"C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL\">C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cu-phap-cua-sql\/#Hay_nho_rang_%E2%80%A6\" title=\"H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u2026\">H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cu-phap-cua-sql\/#Dau_cham_phay_sau_cau_lenh_SQL\" title=\"D\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y sau c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL?\">D\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y sau c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cu-phap-cua-sql\/#Mot_so_cac_lenh_SQL_quan_trong_nhat\" title=\"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh SQL quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh SQL quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_lenh_SQL\"><\/span>C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL. C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL sau s\u1ebd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng Customer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * FROM Customers;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hay_nho_rang_%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u2026<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>SQL l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft HOA hay vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng: \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cau-lenh-select-trong-sql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><code>select<\/code> c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 <code>SELECT<\/code><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a trong SQL \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef HOA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dau_cham_phay_sau_cau_lenh_SQL\"><\/span>D\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y sau c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y \u1edf cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y \u1edf cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mot_so_cac_lenh_SQL_quan_trong_nhat\"><\/span>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh SQL quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><code><a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cau-lenh-select-trong-sql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SELECT<\/a><\/code> \u2013 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u;<\/li><li><code><a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cau-lenh-update-trong-sql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UPDATE<\/a><\/code> \u2013 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u;<\/li><li><code><a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cau-lenh-delete-trong-sql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DELETE<\/a><\/code> \u2013 xo\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u;<\/li><li><code><a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cau-lenh-insert-into-trong-sql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">INSERT INTO<\/a><\/code> \u2013 ch\u00e8n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u;<\/li><li><code><a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cau-lenh-tao-co-du-lieu-trong-sql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CREATE DATABASE<\/a><\/code> \u2013 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi;<\/li><li><code>ALTER DATABASE<\/code> \u2013 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u;<\/li><li><code><a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cau-lenh-tao-bang-trong-sql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CREATE TABLE<\/a><\/code> \u2013 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi;<\/li><li><code>ALTER TABLE<\/code> \u2013 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng;<\/li><li><code>DROP TABLE<\/code> \u2013 xo\u00e1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng;<\/li><li><code>CREATE INDEX<\/code> \u2013 t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c (kho\u00e1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm);<\/li><li><code>DROP INDEX<\/code> \u2013 xo\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c (kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm);<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng). B\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi (h\u00e0ng) v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 SQL, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[239],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a SQL &#8226; Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cu-phap-cua-sql\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a SQL &#8226; Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng). B\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi (h\u00e0ng) v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 SQL, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng &hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cu-phap-cua-sql\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/anhducnguyen87\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-02-28T08:09:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Anh\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Anh\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a SQL &#8226; Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cu-phap-cua-sql\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a SQL &#8226; Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng","og_description":"B\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng). B\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi (h\u00e0ng) v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. 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