{"id":19312,"date":"2021-12-13T13:28:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T06:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speed.family\/?p=19312"},"modified":"2023-07-23T20:01:25","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T13:01:25","slug":"diem-trao-doi-internet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/diem-trao-doi-internet\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec trong CDN &#038; k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet (Internet Exchange Point \/ IXP) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Internet, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (Internet Service Provides \/ ISP) v\u00e0&nbsp;CDN&nbsp;k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/may-chu-bien-cdn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;bi\u00ean&#8221; c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau<\/a>, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ea1ng chia s\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n tuy\u1ebfn (qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh \/ transit) ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m IXP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng tham gia kh\u00e1c, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 (latency), c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/round-trip-time\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">round-trip-time<\/a>&nbsp;v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_60 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-6577d74b2299c\" ><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input aria-label=\"Toggle\" aria-label=\"item-6577d74b2299c\"  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6577d74b2299c\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/diem-trao-doi-internet\/#Diem_trao_doi_Internet_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\" title=\"\u0110i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\">\u0110i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/diem-trao-doi-internet\/#Tai_sao_cac_diem_trao_doi_Internet_lai_quan_trong\" title=\"T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?\">T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/diem-trao-doi-internet\/#BGP_giao_thuc_xuong_song_cua_Internet\" title=\"BGP, giao th\u1ee9c x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Internet\">BGP, giao th\u1ee9c x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Internet<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/diem-trao-doi-internet\/#Cac_nha_cung_cap_chia_se_luu_luong_truy_cap_qua_cac_mang_khac_nhau_nhu_the_nao\" title=\"C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p chia s\u1ebb l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp qua c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p chia s\u1ebb l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp qua c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"di\u1ec3m-trao-d\u1ed5i-internet-ho\u1ea1t-d\u1ed9ng-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diem_trao_doi_Internet_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, IXP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau.&nbsp;Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y chia s\u1ebb chi ph\u00ed duy tr\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 qua k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama, khi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau qua IXP \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IXP l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng LAN l\u1edbp 2 l\u1edbn (c\u1ee7a&nbsp;m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng OSI) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch Ethernet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau qua m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd.&nbsp;V\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, IXP kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1edf quy m\u00f4 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IXP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 100 Megabit \/ gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u Terabit \/ gi\u00e2y l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i.&nbsp;Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.&nbsp;Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng, song song v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"t\u1ea1i-sao-cac-di\u1ec3m-trao-d\u1ed5i-internet-l\u1ea1i-quan-tr\u1ecdng\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_sao_cac_diem_trao_doi_Internet_lai_quan_trong\"><\/span>T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 IXP, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng trung gian (intermediary network) \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch.&nbsp;\u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh (transit providers).&nbsp;Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec khi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp Internet qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ea3y qua, v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ISP v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ISP (each-and-every) tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t cao.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ISP backbone \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f4i khi do nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 backbone g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tromboning, khi m\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ISP kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cdn-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CDN<\/a> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a IXP c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i qua m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"979\" height=\"655\" src=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/trombone.png\" alt=\"hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trombone\" class=\"wp-image-19314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/trombone.png 979w, https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/trombone-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/trombone-768x514.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 979px) 100vw, 979px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bgp-giao-th\u1ee9c-x\u01b0\u01a1ng-s\u1ed1ng-c\u1ee7a-internet\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"BGP_giao_thuc_xuong_song_cua_Internet\"><\/span>BGP, giao th\u1ee9c x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Internet<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao th\u1ee9c&nbsp;BGP (Border Gateway Protocol).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ngang h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i IXP \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng BGP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cac-nha-cung-c\u1ea5p-chia-s\u1ebb-l\u01b0u-l\u01b0\u1ee3ng-truy-c\u1eadp-qua-cac-m\u1ea1ng-khac-nhau-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_nha_cung_cap_chia_se_luu_luong_truy_cap_qua_cac_mang_khac_nhau_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p chia s\u1ebb l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp qua c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh \/ Transit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p upstream c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.&nbsp;M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n tuy\u1ebfn (qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh) cung c\u1ea5p cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Internet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed.&nbsp;Giao th\u1ee9c BGP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p&nbsp;c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a&nbsp;kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ngang h\u00e0ng \/ Peering<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 trung gian gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.&nbsp;T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp theo, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngang h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ngang h\u00e0ng so v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n tuy\u1ebfn \/ qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng, vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed.&nbsp;V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng nhau c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ngang h\u00e0ng.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t IXP duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c.&nbsp;Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao th\u1ee9c BGP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Deepering<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u1edbi nhau n\u1eefa.&nbsp;Khi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ngang h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 deepering.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deepering c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do nh\u01b0 khi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u00ean kia do t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ednh ph\u00ed cho b\u00ean kia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ean kia khi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ngang h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t (\u00f4i t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n m\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng!).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 IXP s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng BGP?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a IXP, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i 1-1 b\u1eb1ng giao th\u1ee9c BGP.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho nhau c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cho h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n \/ downstream (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi hai m\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp phi\u00ean BGP, c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i IXP ho\u1eb7c PNI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hai m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u00f9ng chung c\u1ee7a IXP sang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i li\u00ean th\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eefa hai m\u1ea1ng (k\u1ebft h\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea5y \u1ea1!).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PNI (Private Network Interconnect \/ K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang dark fibre (th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0) k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng A v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng B. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BGP g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ngang h\u00e0ng IXP chia s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudflare.com\/learning\/cdn\/glossary\/internet-exchange-point-ixp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">What is an Internet exchange point? | How do IXPs work?<\/a> c\u1ee7a Cloudflare)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet (Internet Exchange Point \/ IXP) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Internet, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (Internet Service Provides \/ ISP) v\u00e0&nbsp;CDN&nbsp;k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau.&nbsp; C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf &#8220;bi\u00ean&#8221; c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[252],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0110i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec trong CDN &amp; k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf? &#8226; Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/diem-trao-doi-internet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0110i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i Internet l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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