{"id":16875,"date":"2022-01-10T23:04:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-10T16:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/?p=16095"},"modified":"2022-01-10T23:04:00","modified_gmt":"2022-01-10T16:04:00","slug":"http-caching-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/http-caching-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"HTTP Caching l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Khi ai \u0111\u00f3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m website, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 trang web c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u1ea3nh, style CSS, JavaScript, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c file \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cach-trang-web-tai-va-hien-thi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c thi<\/a>. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <strong>t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn trong t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i trang<\/strong> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t trang web, n\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a trang trong HTTP Cache. V\u00e0o l\u1ea7n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, khi tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t t\u1ea3i trang \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm trong cache c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm n\u1ea1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (previously fetched), v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 qua m\u1ea1ng internet (networks).<\/p>\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 HTTP caching \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a theo th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc7234\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IETF (Internet Engineerring Task Force)<\/a>, c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m cache kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 t\u00ecm n\u1ea1p, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 cache n\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau (ti\u1ebfng Anh): <a href=\"https:\/\/calendar.perfplanet.com\/2016\/a-tale-of-four-caches\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecdi l\u1ea7n gh\u00e9 th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn trang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 (tr\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tai-nguyen-ben-thu-ba-wordpress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f9ng chung c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba<\/a> \/ tuy nhi\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/trinh-duyet-chrome-phan-vung-http-cache\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">v\u00ec l\u00fd do b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y<\/a>). Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3t gh\u00e9 th\u0103m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong HTTP cache; h\u1ecd (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a n\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 (x\u00f3a) t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e9p tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i trang t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi (fresh page load) v\u1edbi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p <em>control-key<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m l\u1ea1i trang v\u1edbi \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache s\u1eb5n r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i trang (load time). <\/p>\n\n\n<p>T\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cache l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c cho nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3t truy c\u1eadp quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i website (return visit, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang trang c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, truy c\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean website m\u00e0 trang n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chung t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi trang tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tang-toc-wordpress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trang<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_60 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-6577d663ebe08\" ><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input aria-label=\"Toggle\" aria-label=\"item-6577d663ebe08\"  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6577d663ebe08\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/http-caching-la-gi\/#Bat_caching\" title=\"B\u1eadt caching\">B\u1eadt caching<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/http-caching-la-gi\/#Cache_header\" title=\"Cache header\">Cache header<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/http-caching-la-gi\/#Tong_ket\" title=\"T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft\">T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/http-caching-la-gi\/#Vi_du_demo\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5 demo\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 demo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/http-caching-la-gi\/#So_sanh_thoi_gian_tai_khi_co_cache_va_khong_co_cache\" title=\"So s\u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i khi c\u00f3 cache v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cache\">So s\u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i khi c\u00f3 cache v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cache<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"b\u1eadt-caching\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bat_caching\"><\/span>B\u1eadt caching<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb caching ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean trang theo kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ea3nh logo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i (ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 JavaScript c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ki\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o t\u0129nh (static) nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng (dynamic) nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng trung gian n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/may-chu-goc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1ed1c<\/a> v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 proxy cache ho\u1eb7c cache c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cdn-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n n\u1ed9i dung (CDN)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cache-header\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cache_header\"><\/span>Cache header<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 hai ki\u1ec3u cache header ch\u00ednh, g\u1ed3m <em>cache-control <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>expires<\/em>, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh caching cho c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec, <em>cache-control<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi <em>expires<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai header c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Cache header \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 server &#8211; l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5, <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/sua-htaccess-wordpress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file <em>.htaccess<\/em><\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh caching tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Apache (n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00e1c website \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y nay). <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/caching-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Caching<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c CSS, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh header cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn caching m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cache-control\">Cache-control<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt cache-control v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn trong danh s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y (comma-delimited list). D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh cho <em>.htaccess<\/em> c\u1ee7a Apache nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp caching (<em>set Cache-Control<\/em>) cho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi (<em>filesMatch<\/em>) danh s\u00e1ch \u0111u\u00f4i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (<em>jpg, png, jpeg, ico, gif<\/em>), v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng (<em>max-age=2592000<\/em> \/ \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh theo gi\u00e2y) v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp c\u00f4ng khai (<em>public<\/em>), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;filesMatch \".(ico|jpg|jpeg|png|gif)$\"&gt;\n Header set Cache-Control \"max-age=2592000, public\"\n&lt;\/filesMatch&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfp theo thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp caching cho style (<em>css<\/em>) v\u00e0 script (<em>js<\/em>), \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh, do v\u1eady t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1eddi gian caching (<em>set Cache-Contro<\/em>l) ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y (<em>max-age=86400<\/em>) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng truy c\u1eadp c\u00f4ng khai (<em>public<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;filesMatch \".(css|js)$\"&gt;\n Header set Cache-Control \"max-age=86400, public\"\n&lt;\/filesMatch&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Cache-Control c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c<em> ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb (directives)<\/em>, c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cache \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi; b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0: <a href=\"https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/HTTP\/Headers\/Cache-Control\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/HTTP\/Headers\/Cache-Control<\/a> (c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t Mozilla).<\/p>\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>no-cache<\/strong>: T\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache, nh\u01b0ng khi \u1ea5y n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i trong t\u1eebng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho kh\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u00e9p m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh cho m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee1 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u1ebfu t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh no-cache \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u1edbi <strong>no-store<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>no-store<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache theo b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cache ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c trung gian n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (sensitive data), ho\u1eb7c cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb truy c\u1eadp n\u00e0y sang truy c\u1eadp kh\u00e1c. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh no-store \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb <strong>no-cache<\/strong>. <\/li><li><strong>public<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache b\u1edfi tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cache trung gian n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 ghi \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>private<\/em> cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c HTTP. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh <em>public<\/em> tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u1edbi <strong>private<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>private<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u1edfi tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cache trung gian n\u00e0o. Th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh <em>private<\/em> tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u1edbi <strong>public<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>max-age<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i (revalidate) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1ed1c. T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf cho header expires (\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi) v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e2y, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m (31536000 gi\u00e2y).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"expries-caching\">Expries caching<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt caching b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb expiration, ho\u1eb7c expiry, \u00e1p khung th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u file nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1i n\u00f3i cho tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t bi\u1ebft bao l\u00e2u th\u00ec n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cache tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n copy t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1ed1c. <\/p>\n\n\n<p>Header expires ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1eddi gian trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khi n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n. Sau th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho n\u1ed9i dung ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1ed1c (\u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y th\u00ec cache-control t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cache \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t h\u1ecfi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u00ec, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb cache, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i trang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n). V\u1edbi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn header <em>cache-control<\/em> m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n th\u00ec <em>expires<\/em> header th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vai tr\u00f2 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng (fall back, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 cache-control kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng expires).<\/p>\n\n\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp caching trong file <em>.htaccess<\/em> tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Apache (P\/S: s\u1eeda file .htaccess kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp trang web, v\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi s\u1eeda, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/sua-htaccess-wordpress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file .htaccess<\/a> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y).<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>## EXPIRES CACHING ##\nExpiresActive On\nExpiresByType image\/jpg \"access plus 1 year\"\nExpiresByType image\/jpeg \"access plus 1 year\"\nExpiresByType image\/gif \"access plus 1 year\"\nExpiresByType image\/png \"access plus 1 year\"\nExpiresByType text\/css \"access plus 1 month\"\nExpiresByType application\/pdf \"access plus 1 month\"\nExpiresByType text\/x-javascript \"access plus 1 month\"\nExpiresByType application\/x-shockwave-flash \"access plus 1 month\"\nExpiresByType image\/x-icon \"access plus 1 year\"\nExpiresDefault \"access plus 2 days\"\n## EXPIRES CACHING ##<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>(ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/gtmetrix.com\/leverage-browser-caching.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GTmetrix<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u file kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau: c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi truy c\u1eadp\/caching, trong khi JavaScript, PDF v\u00e0 CSS s\u1ebd h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n sau m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3u file n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3t k\u00ea r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong danh s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n trong v\u00f2ng hai ng\u00e0y. <\/p>\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cache ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ec3u file v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i CSS, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb g\u00ec lu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ch\u1ec9 hai ng\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 file PDF t\u0129nh m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y h\u01a1n cho ch\u00fang, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 365 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u1eb9o<\/strong>: B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m; tr\u00ean intertnet, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho <em>max-age<\/em> trong <em>cache-control<\/em> r\u1ed3i, c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n h\u01a1n c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"t\u1ed5ng-k\u1ebft\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket\"><\/span>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Caching l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tang-toc-wordpress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i website<\/a> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1eefa. Caching \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i tinh vi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean trang thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>PS: trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb web kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 r\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng lo l\u1eafng, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cache s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 hosting ho\u1eb7c CMS b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng. V\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c plugin ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/hd-plugin-litespeed-cache-p1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LiteSpeed cache<\/a>, WP-Rocket, <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/cach-dung-plugin-swift-performance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Swift Performance<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft, t\u1ef1 tin khi tri\u1ec3n khai caching, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung m\u1edbi (*). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam c\u00e1c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t hay v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu caching, t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft (ti\u1ebfng Anh) <a href=\"https:\/\/jakearchibald.com\/2016\/caching-best-practices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh caching t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Max-age<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>(*): \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c file CSS, JS thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 cache c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp d\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean file CSS v\u00e0 JS \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt thay v\u00ec t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cache \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>P\/S: B\u1ea1n n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tim-hieu-http-caching\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 HTTP Caching<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o trong link t\u00f4i v\u1eeba d\u1eabn, n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 max-age, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean website.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"vi-d\u1ee5-demo\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_demo\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 demo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u00f4i (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch) b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ti\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Trang demo: <a href=\"https:\/\/static.kiencang.net\/2020\/cache-demo\/60s\/cache-control-60.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/static.kiencang.net\/2020\/cache-demo\/60s\/cache-control-60.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Cache-Control c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;filesMatch \".(css|js)$\"&gt;\n Header set Cache-Control \"max-age=60, public\"\n&lt;\/filesMatch&gt;\n&lt;filesMatch \".(ico|jpg|jpeg|png)$\"&gt;\n Header set Cache-Control \"max-age=61, public\"\n&lt;\/filesMatch&gt;\n&lt;filesMatch \".(ttf)$\"&gt;\n Header set Cache-Control \"max-age=62, private\"\n&lt;\/filesMatch&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ai l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 max-age cho CSS, \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 font (.ttf) ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 60, 61 v\u00e0 62s), nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u1ec5 quan s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Trong link tr\u00ean b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>CSS<\/strong>: c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t file duy nh\u1ea5t (local host \/ host n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9);<\/li><li><strong>JavaScript (js)<\/strong>: c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t file duy nh\u1ea5t (host b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, CDN c\u1ee7a Google);<\/li><li><strong>\u1ea2nh<\/strong>: g\u1ed3m 2 \u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 local host, c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh background b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c host b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i;<\/li><li><strong>Font<\/strong>: g\u1ed3m 2 font \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng .ttf, c\u0169ng local host.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 file .ttf l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp private, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u public.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Khi ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng DevTools cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi file Font:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ttf-cache-control.png\" alt=\"Cache Control max-age c\u1ee7a TTF\" class=\"wp-image-16117\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi file CSS:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/css-cache-control.png\" alt=\"Cache Control max-age c\u1ee7a CSS\" class=\"wp-image-16118\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7u (local host):<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/anh-local-host-cache-control.png\" alt=\"\u1ea3nh local host max-age Cache Control\" class=\"wp-image-16119\" width=\"441\" height=\"24\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 m\u1eabu. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c host b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh Cache-Control c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi host c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi jQuery (.js):<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/cache-control-jquery.png\" alt=\"Cache-Control max-age jQuery\" class=\"wp-image-16122\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi \u1ea3nh n\u1ec1n (.png):<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/anh-nen-cache-control.png\" alt=\"cache control max-age c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh n\u1ec1n\" class=\"wp-image-16123\" width=\"473\" height=\"21\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Khi t\u00f4i t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i trang, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y trang l\u1ea5y t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/file-luu-cache.png\" alt=\"Trang l\u1ea5y t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u01b0u trong cache\" class=\"wp-image-16124\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0i ph\u00fat sau t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian cache ng\u1eafn (kho\u1ea3ng 1 ph\u00fat) \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3(*), trong khi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian cache d\u00e0i th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/thoi-gian-cache-ngan.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16125\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>(*): Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n <em>max-age<\/em> th\u00ec tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t m\u1edbi t\u1ea3i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb cache, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gia h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n. M\u00e3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft &#8220;max-age&#8221; nh\u01b0ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 so v\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"so-sanh-th\u1eddi-gian-t\u1ea3i-khi-co-cache-va-khong-co-cache\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_sanh_thoi_gian_tai_khi_co_cache_va_khong_co_cache\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i khi c\u00f3 cache v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cache<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Khi<strong> KH\u00d4NG<\/strong> cache:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/khong-cache.png\" alt=\"Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cache\" class=\"wp-image-16126\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Khi <strong>C\u00d3<\/strong> cache:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/khi-co-cache.png\" alt=\"Khi c\u00f3 cache\" class=\"wp-image-16127\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Transferred, Finish, DOM v\u00e0 Load khi C\u00d3 cache t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 cache.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><em>(D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft HTTP Caching, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Dave Gash, trang: Google Developers)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khi ai \u0111\u00f3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m website, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 trang web c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u1ea3nh, style CSS, JavaScript, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c file \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c thi. B\u1ea1n &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21319,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[294],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>HTTP Caching l\u00e0 g\u00ec? &#8226; Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cache ph\u00eda tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 website cho c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng tin c\u0103ng b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 HTTP caching.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/http-caching-la-gi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HTTP Caching l\u00e0 g\u00ec? &#8226; Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cache ph\u00eda tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 website cho c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng tin c\u0103ng b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 HTTP caching.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/http-caching-la-gi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/anhducnguyen87\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-01-10T16:04:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/http-cache.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"380\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Anh\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Anh\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"HTTP Caching l\u00e0 g\u00ec? &#8226; Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng","description":"S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cache ph\u00eda tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 website cho c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. 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