{"id":1636,"date":"2014-12-13T09:40:32","date_gmt":"2014-12-13T09:40:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/?p=1636"},"modified":"2022-02-27T21:04:10","modified_gmt":"2022-02-27T14:04:10","slug":"tim-kiem-thong-tin-va-ra-quyet-dinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tim-kiem-thong-tin-va-ra-quyet-dinh\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong>. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/em> trong nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u2013 b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 xe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin<\/strong> \u2013 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe m\u1edbi, mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe c\u0169, \u0111em chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, \u0111i xe bu\u00fdt, \u0111i taxi, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng v\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t (skateboard) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 ba li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf<\/strong> m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc hai. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i d\u00e0i v\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n mua h\u00e0ng<\/strong>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau khi mua (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n quay l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u). Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. N\u00f3i chung, s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, xe \u00f4 t\u00f4) ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb m\u1ee5n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng khi h\u1ecd mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Means-End, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n logic c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c mong mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1edbn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c nhanh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t k\u1ebb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u1ebb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, m\u00e0 suy cho c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, an ninh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n s\u00e2u xa cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3<\/strong>. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin tham gia v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u00ean trong<\/strong> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tham gia th\u1ea5p (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n so \u0111o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/em>) \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb lu\u00f4n mong mu\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi mu\u1ed1n mua chai n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ee5c t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb thay v\u00ec l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tham gia cao (c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn<\/em>), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trang web, v\u00e0 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, c\u00e1c trang web, ho\u1eb7c tin t\u1ee9c.\u201dQuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9<\/strong>\u201d li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00e2n \u0111ong \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m x\u0103ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ch\u1eadm. N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m x\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn n\u00f3 thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n x\u0103ng h\u01a1n. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 huynh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 calo th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111ang c\u00f3, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng?), \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng? s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?), \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, n\u00f3i chung, trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3?), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n