{"id":14311,"date":"2021-08-29T00:43:50","date_gmt":"2021-08-29T00:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/freehost.page\/?p=14311"},"modified":"2021-08-29T00:43:50","modified_gmt":"2021-08-29T00:43:50","slug":"javascript-dung-de-thao-tac-string","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/javascript-dung-de-thao-tac-string\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh JavaScript d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i (string)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00f4i v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi v\u1edbi JavaScript, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef PHP, l\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00ean m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u00e0m li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi string<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o c\u00e1i form demo \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<form id=\"seForm\" action=\"\" onsubmit=\"return validateForm();\">        \n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"seInput\" autofocus placeholder=\"\">\n      <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Nh\u1eadp\" id=\"seButton\">\n<\/form><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0m JS \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<script>\n        function validateForm() {\n                \/\/ c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y             \n                alert(str); \/\/ c\u00e1i alert n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eadt popup th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\n                return false;\n       }\n<\/script><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c h\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o<\/strong> input c\u00f3 id l\u00e0 seInput<\/code>, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
let str = document.getElementById(\"seInput\").value; \/\/ l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh k\u00fd t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
let lower = str.toLowerCase(); \/\/ chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh k\u00fd t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n thay bi\u1ebfn str<\/code> trong alert<\/code> b\u1eb1ng lower<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 xem k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh k\u00fd t\u1ef1 HOA to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/strong>, ta l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
let upper = str.toUpperCase();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1eeb<\/strong> ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai l\u1ec7nh repalace<\/code> v\u00e0 trim<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
let trim = lower.replace(\/\\s+\/g,' ').trim(); \/\/ x\u00f3a kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n trong replace<\/code> l\u00e0 m\u1eabu t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm theo c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Regex<\/a>, v\u1edbi \\s+<\/code> ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00ean, v\u00e0 g<\/code> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i, d\u1ea5u ' '<\/code> \u00fd l\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch chu\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng<\/strong>, ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh split<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const myArr = str.split(\" \");\n\/\/ V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ee9c anh, \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3ng nguy\u1ec5n,\u0111\u1ee9c,anh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4i th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const myArr = str.split(\" \", 2); \/\/ n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y 2 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\n\/\/ v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ee9c anh, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec5n,\u0111\u1ee9c\n\/\/ m\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a JS c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1eeb 0, nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed cu\u1ed1i n\u00f3 l\u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t so v\u1edbi tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 2 th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9n t\u1eed m\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 0 v\u00e0 1 (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong m\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 2)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong chu\u1ed7i<\/strong> ta d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
str.charAt(n);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3 n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00ec n l\u00e0 0, c\u00f2n l\u1ea5y k\u00fd t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 5 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u00ec n l\u00e0 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
let str = \"nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ee9c anh\";\nstr.charAt(1); \/\/ s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\nstr.charAt(4); \/\/ s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u1ec5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 trong m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i<\/strong> ta d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh slice()<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Slice c\u00f3 2 tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd t\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd t\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
str.slice(0, 5); \/\/ s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 0 (t\u1ee9c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean) cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 4 (trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 m\u1ea3ng), t\u1ee9c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
let str = \"nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ee9c anh\";\nstr.slice(0, 5); \/\/ s\u1ebd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec5\nstr.slice(7, 10); \/\/ s\u1ebd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c h\u00e0m thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i chung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const name = [\"nguy\u1ec5n\", \"\u0111\u1ee9c\", \"th\u00e1i\", \"anh\"];\nlet num = name.length;\nalert(num); \/\/ s\u1ebd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 4, m\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng<\/strong>, ta d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh slice<\/code>. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea3ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const name = [\"nguy\u1ec5n\", \"\u0111\u1ee9c\", \"th\u00e1i\", \"anh\"];\nconst f = name.slice(1, 3); \/\/ k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a f l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng g\u1ed3m 2 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u1ee9 1 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 2 t\u00ednh theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 m\u1ea3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ebd g\u1ed3m \"\u0111\u1ee9c\" v\u00e0 \"th\u00e1i\", kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 3 trong m\u1ea3ng.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd<\/strong>: b\u1ea1n n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 PHP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 m\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a JS c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf 0, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 1 nh\u01b0 th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a JS kh\u00e1c PHP \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1ea5y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu trong PHP c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 3 trong m\u1ea3ng. C\u00f2n JS ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong tham s\u1ed1, c\u00f2n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u1eeb \u0111i 1 t\u1eeb tham s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp theo, trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 2 (= 3 – 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong m\u1ea3ng<\/strong> ta s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng hai tham s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nhau, tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong m\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 ta mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const name = [\"nguy\u1ec5n\", \"\u0111\u1ee9c\", \"th\u00e1i\", \"anh\"];\nconst lName = name.slice(0,1); \/\/ k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a lName s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \"nguy\u1ec5n\", v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, \"nguy\u1ec5n\" c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong m\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong m\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i, ta d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh toString()<\/code>. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3ng, ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const name = [\"nguy\u1ec5n\", \"\u0111\u1ee9c\", \"anh\"];\nlet text = name.toString(); \/\/ k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec5n,\u0111\u1ee9c,anh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecm xem m\u1ed9t string c\u00f3 trong m\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<p id=\"demo\"><\/p>\n<script>\nconst name = [\"nguy\u1ec5n\", \"tr\u1ea7n\", \"l\u00ea\", \"ph\u1ea1m\", \"tr\u1ea7n\", \"ph\u1ea1m\"];\n\ndocument.getElementById(\"demo\").innerHTML = name.findIndex(checkName);\n\n\/\/ k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 in ra m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 3 \n\nfunction checkName(namex) {\n  return namex == \"ph\u1ea1m\";\n}\n<\/script><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean g\u1ed3m 6 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u1edd c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd t\u00ecm xem trong m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed “ph\u1ea1m” kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 -1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> ta d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh isArray<\/code>. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 true<\/code> (\u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng) ho\u1eb7c false<\/code> (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<p id=\"demo\"><\/p>\n<p id=\"demo2\"><\/p>\n\n<script>\nconst name = [\"nguy\u1ec5n\", \"\u0111\u1ee9c\", \"anh\"];\nconst num = 5;\n\ndocument.getElementById(\"demo\").innerHTML = Array.isArray(name);\ndocument.getElementById(\"demo2\").innerHTML = Array.isArray(num);\n<\/script> \/\/ s\u1ebd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 true v\u1edbi name v\u00e0 false v\u1edbi num<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e0m t\u1ea1m v\u1edbi ng\u1ea7n \u1ea5y l\u1ec7nh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00f4i v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi v\u1edbi JavaScript, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef PHP, l\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00ean m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[236],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh JavaScript d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i (string) • Ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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