{"id":13942,"date":"2019-12-13T05:01:13","date_gmt":"2019-12-13T05:01:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/?p=13942"},"modified":"2019-12-13T05:01:13","modified_gmt":"2019-12-13T05:01:13","slug":"loai-bo-tai-nguyen-chan-hien-thi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/loai-bo-tai-nguyen-chan-hien-thi\/","title":{"rendered":"Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong website"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Khu v\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i (opportunities) c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o Lighthouse li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c URL ch\u1eb7n <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/uu-tien-noi-dung-hien-thi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb cho m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/a>. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c URL ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb (render-blocking) n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: <em>n\u1ed9i tuy\u1ebfn (inline)<\/em> c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng, <em>tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n (defer)<\/em> c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 <em>lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf (remove)<\/em> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/tai-nguyen-chan-hien-thi.png\" alt=\"t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb\" class=\"wp-image-13943\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_60 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-6577d6cb7c001\" ><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input aria-label=\"Toggle\" aria-label=\"item-6577d6cb7c001\"  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6577d6cb7c001\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/loai-bo-tai-nguyen-chan-hien-thi\/#Nhung_URL_nao_bi_gan_co_la_tai_nguyen_chan_hien_thi\" title=\"Nh\u1eefng URL n\u00e0o b\u1ecb g\u1eafn c\u1edd l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb?\">Nh\u1eefng URL n\u00e0o b\u1ecb g\u1eafn c\u1edd l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/loai-bo-tai-nguyen-chan-hien-thi\/#Cach_xac_dinh_cac_tai_nguyen_quan_trong\" title=\"C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng\">C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/loai-bo-tai-nguyen-chan-hien-thi\/#Lam_the_nao_de_loai_bo_JS_chan_hien_thi\" title=\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf JS ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf JS ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/loai-bo-tai-nguyen-chan-hien-thi\/#Lam_the_nao_de_loai_bo_CSS_chan_hien_thi\" title=\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf CSS ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf CSS ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/loai-bo-tai-nguyen-chan-hien-thi\/#Lam_the_nao_de_loai_bo_noi_dung_chan_hien_thi_kieu_imports\" title=\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ki\u1ec3u imports\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ki\u1ec3u imports<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_URL_nao_bi_gan_co_la_tai_nguyen_chan_hien_thi\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng URL n\u00e0o b\u1ecb g\u1eafn c\u1edd l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/developers.google.com\/web\/tools\/lighthouse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lighthouse<\/a> c\u00f3 ba ki\u1ec3u g\u1eafn c\u1edd cho URL ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb: scripts (JS), stylesheets (CSS) v\u00e0 HTML imports:<\/p>\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t th\u1ebb <em>&lt;script&gt;<\/em> m\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul><li>N\u1eb1m trong th\u1ebb <em>&lt;head><\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/tai-javascript-defer-async\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh <em>defer <\/em><\/a>(tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n).<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh <em>async <\/em>(kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t th\u1ebb <code>&lt;link rel=\"stylesheet\"><\/code> m\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul><li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh <em>disabled<\/em>. Khi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i stylesheet.<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh <em>media<\/em> kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t th\u1ebb <code>&lt;link rel=\"import\"><\/code> m\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul><li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh <em>async<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_xac_dinh_cac_tai_nguyen_quan_trong\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng<\/em>, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tab Coverage trong DevTools c\u1ee7a Chrome \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh CSS v\u00e0 JS kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng (none-critical). Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t trang, tab n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u00f3i cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/coverage-tab.png\" alt=\"tab coverage\" class=\"wp-image-13944\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a trang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e3 v\u00e0 style m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Click v\u00e0o URL \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra file \u0111\u00f3 trong panel Sources. Style trong file CSS v\u00e0 m\u00e3 trong JavaScript \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng 2 m\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>M\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y (Green)<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean; m\u00e3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a trang.<\/li><li><strong>M\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf (Red)<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c (not immediately visible); m\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a trang.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_the_nao_de_loai_bo_JS_chan_hien_thi\"><\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf JS ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb URL ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/noi-tuyen-doan-ma-javascript-nho\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">inline (n\u1ed9i tuy\u1ebfn) trong trang HTML<\/a>. Khi trang t\u1ea3i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a trang.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e3 JS trong URL ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef n\u00f3 trong URL \u0111\u00f3 (kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n inline), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u n\u00f3 b\u1eafng <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/javascript-async-defer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh async ho\u1eb7c defer<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u00f3 \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_the_nao_de_loai_bo_CSS_chan_hien_thi\"><\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf CSS ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi JS, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u1ed9i tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c CSS quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong kh\u1ed1i <em>&lt;style><\/em> n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n <em>head<\/em> c\u1ee7a trang HTML. Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n CSS c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 (asynchronously) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/preload-tai-nguyen-quan-trong\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">link <em>preload<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i tuy\u1ebfn CSS &#8220;n\u1eb1m trong m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean&#8221; b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/addyosmani\/critical\/blob\/master\/README.md\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Critical<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/loai-bo-css-chan-hien-thi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf CSS ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/a> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chia CSS v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c file kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng query media. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00eam thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh media v\u00e0o t\u1eebng li\u00ean k\u1ebft stylesheet. Khi t\u1ea3i trang, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eb7n &#8220;first paint&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn stylesheet m\u00e0 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u0169ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n <a href=\"https:\/\/kiencang.net\/giam-thieu-css\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a (minify) CSS<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng, k\u00fd t\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o trang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n g\u1eedi \u0111i CSS nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_the_nao_de_loai_bo_noi_dung_chan_hien_thi_kieu_imports\"><\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ki\u1ec3u imports<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi HTML imports kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh <em>async<\/em>. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc chung, <em>async<\/em> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi HTML imports c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code language-html\"><code>&lt;link rel=\"import\" href=\"myfile.html\" async&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><em>(D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft Eliminate render-blocking resources tr\u00ean trang web[.]dev)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khu v\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i (opportunities) c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o Lighthouse li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c URL ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb cho m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. 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